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\n\n \n \n )\n}","import { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';\nimport React, { useEffect } from 'react'\nimport { useStore } from '../../Stores/store';\nimport './NavBar.scss';\nimport DesktopNavBar from './DesktopNavBar';\nimport MobileNavBar from './MobileNavBar';\nimport { NavBarLink } from './NavBarLink';\n\nexport default observer(function NavBar(){\n const { posterStore, generalStore } = useStore();\n const { getCurrentPoster, hasFetchedPoster } = posterStore;\n const { isMobile, setIsMobile } = generalStore;\n \n const links : NavBarLink[] = [\n { title: \"Home\", href:\"/\" },\n { title: \"About the Towers\", href: \"/aboutTowers\" },\n { title: \"About FOBT\", href: \"/aboutfobt\" },\n { title: \"History\", href: \"/history\" },\n { title: \"News and Events\", href: \"/newsandevents\" },\n { title: \"Documents\", href: \"/documents\"},\n { title: \"Membership\", href: \"/membership\" },\n { title: \"Tours\", href: \"/tours\"},\n { title: \"Gallery\", href: \"/gallery\" },\n { title: \"Links\", href: \"/links\" }\n ]\n\n useEffect(() => {\n if(!hasFetchedPoster){\n getCurrentPoster(false);\n }\n\n const handleResize = () => {\n setIsMobile(window.innerWidth); // Adjust the width threshold as needed\n };\n \n handleResize(); // Check the initial screen width\n window.addEventListener('resize', handleResize);\n \n // Clean up the event listener on component unmount\n return () => {\n window.removeEventListener('resize', handleResize);\n };\n });\n\n return (\n isMobile ? \n { title ?
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: <> }\n { children }\nIntroduction
\nThe “Friends of Buckden Towers” exists to support the owners of Buckden Towers in the care\n and maintenance of the property, and to promote the profile of The Towers as an interesting place to visit.\n \n The “Friends” are constituted as a Charitable Trust and Registered Charity, First Registered on 5th May 1977.\n Registered charity Number: 273480.\n \n The Trust’s Deeds may be viewed on request to the Chairman of The Council of Management at the address in the footer.\n \n A Council of Management composed of up to 12 members, some of whom are also Trustees, run the Charity.\n \n \n The Council raises funds, which are dispersed in the management and activities of The Council, and in the provision\n of grants towards the owners of Buckden Towers in connection with the purchase of furnishings and the maintenance of\n the property.\n \n Fund raising activities are through membership fees, grants, social activities, giving tours to the public, and\n through specialist events such as an Annual Plant Sale Day and Heritage Day.\n \n The Annual Report and Accounts for the last financial year may be viewed on request to the Chairman of The Council\n of Management at the address given above.
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Grants to the Owners
\nGrants made to the Owners over the last 5 years were:-
\n \n| Year | \nAmount | \nIn Respect of.... | \n
|---|
| 2019/2020 | \n£2400 | \nGeneral Maintenance | \n
| 2020/2021 | \n£1600 | \nGeneral Maintenance | \n
| \n | £10000 | \nContribution towards the cost of remedial work on the Outer Gatehouse | \n
| Total | \n£11600 | \n\n |
| 2021/2022 | \n£160 | \nKnot Gardern maintenance | \n
| \n | £2975 | \nGrants to Owners (Outer Gatehouse) | \n
| \n | £4246 | \nKnot Garden Pavement | \n
| Total | \n£7381 | \n\n |
| 2022/2023 | \n£6900 | \nPath Project | \n
| \n | £1056 | \nFriends Refectory repairs | \n
| \n | £100 | \nAerial Survey – Tower | \n
| \n | £500 | \nBuilding Survey | \n
| Total | \n£8556 | \n\n |
| 2023/2024 | \n£14276 | \nFriends' Refectory repairs | \n
| \n | £5500 | \nOuter Gatehouse Garden project | \n
| \n | £880 | \nKnot Garden Viewing Platform repair | \n
| Total | \n£20656 | \n\n |
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The Mike Kiely Memorial Trophy
\nA trophy was presented to The Friends by a Member to commemorate the memory of Michael Kiely, founder member of the Trust and a Council Member and Trustee.
\nhe trophy called the Michael Kiely Memorial Trophy is awarded annually at the AGM to a member of the Trust who has in the Council of Management’s opinion, made some exceptional contribution to the work of the Council.
\nThe Following are the recipients over the past few years:
\n \n The Following are the recipients over the past few years;\n\n| Year | \nName | \nReason | \n
|---|---|---|
| 2019/20 | \nPat Huff | \nWas Chairman of the Council for 4 years, contributing widely to the activities of FoBT and in particular to the organisation of the annual Plant Sale Days. | \n
| 2020/21 | \nAnn Petty | \nIn recognition of her outstanding achievement in serving 20 years as Vice Chair of the Council of FoBT. | \n
| 2021/22 | \nRed McHugh | \nIn recognition of his tireless commitment in supporting the activities of the Owners and the Friends of Buckden Towers | \n
| 2023/24 | \nMike Allwright | \nIn recognition of his outstanding and professional service over many years in carrying out the duties of Honorary Treasurer to the FoBT Council of Management. | \n
The Great Tower
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The Inner Gatehouse
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The Outer Gatehouse
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The Victorian House
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The Garden and Grounds
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The Queen Katherine Knot Garden
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St. Hugh's Church and Chapels
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\n A Brief History of the Towers
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A Guide to Buckden Palace
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Katherine of Aragon
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History of the Parish of St Hugh of Lincoln
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The Claretians
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\n )\n}","import React from 'react'\nimport parser from 'html-react-parser'\n\ninterface Props {\n title: string,\n date?: string | null,\n description: string,\n price: number,\n id?: number,\n}\n\nexport default function Event({id, title, date, description, price}: Props) {\n return (\n \n
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\n Events
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\n \n Gallery
\n\nOld Pictures of the Towers
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Aerial Images of the Towers
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The Historic Buildings
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The Grounds and Knot Garden
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Restoration, pre 2004
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Restoration, 2004/2005
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The Old Gatehouse Shop
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Events at the Towers
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Plant Sale Day - May 2022
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\n\n Claret Centre, Buckden Towers - Information\n about the Conference Centre at the Towers.
\n\n Claretian Missionaries Web Site - A site containing much\n information on the work of the Claretian Missionaries (owners of the Towers) both within the UK and\n overseas.
\n\n General Information on\n Buckden
\n\n Web Site of the Charity\n Commission - Information on the Rules for Registered Charities and a list of all Registered Charities in\n the UK.\n
History of the Parish
\n\n\n This is not the place to describe the history of The Towers. However, the way in which The Towers came into the possession of the Claretians is. During the First World War the house was used as a\n convalescent hospital. After the War, in 1919, it was sold to an eccentric historian from Durham, Dr Robert Holmes Edleston. Although he never lived there, he spent much time excavating and\n reconstructing parts of the old Bishop's Palace. On his death The Towers was left to his sister who, having no use for the property, donated it to Bishop Leo Parker of the Catholic Diocese of\n Northampton for charitable purposes.
\n\n It was the personal friendship between Fr Arthur Crook cmf with Bishop Parker that led to the Bishop giving The Towers in 1956 to the Claretian Missionaries to be used as a junior seminary.\n This was at the same time as Highcliffe Castle in Hampshire (now Dorset) was purchased by the Claretians for use as the Major Seminary in England. With falling numbers of seminarians, the Castle\n was sold to a local businessman for redevelopment in 1966 and there then followed two disastrous fires. The Castle is now in the hands of Christchurch Council.
\n\n Fr Lucian Olivares cmf was the first Superior of the community at The Towers and he, accompanied by Bro Luis Sanz cmf, lived in Huntingdon and walked each day the 5 miles to Buckden to prepare the\n House for the new community. The main Tower, which had stood gutted and derelict for many years, had a roof and floors installed. In September 1957, 31 young boys came when the boarding school was\n opened. The staff was made up of Claretian Missionaries - priests, brothers and students. Father Jim Fischer cmf came to Buckden for the first time, as Superior in 1958. The inner courtyard was\n completed and a new chapel, simple and modern in style yet harmonising well with its surroundings, was built. It was dedicated to St Hugh of Lincoln by Bishop Parker of Northampton in 1959.
\n\n A modern parish hall to the north of the Victorian House was built and named St Stephen's Hall after Fr. Stephen Emaldia, the Provincial Superior of the Claretians from 1950 to 1962. The Junior\n Seminary closed in 1965, but not before Fathers Chris Newman and Michael Fewell, both to become Parish Priests in Buckden in later years, had passed through it as young students.\n With the closure of the junior seminary a new role had to be found for The Towers. It played host to thousands of young people on residential courses - conditions were, however, rather spartan -\n but that was all part of the attraction of staying in The Tower. At that time, Buckden was part of St Neot’s Parish and it was not until 1969 that, as part of the newly formed Diocese of East\n Anglia, it became a parish in its own right absorbing elements of both St Neots and Huntingdon parishes. Fr Michael Mahon cmf became the first Parish Priest.
\n\n In 1974 the Claret Centre was opened for conferences and spiritual retreats. In 1988, an appeal was launched to restore and develop the whole complex. The Inner Gatehouse, the Great Tower and the\n Victorian House were all to be the subject of restoration work. Completed at Easter in 1996, the Tower once again welcomed groups of young people (the first group coming from France). Supported by\n the Friends of Buckden Towers, restoration work continues both to the buildings and in the grounds and activities within the Parish and at the Claret Centre continue to expand in both scope and\n numbers.
\n\n Following the decision to reduce the number of parishes within the Diocese of East Anglia, the Parish of St Hugh of Lincoln in Buckden and the Parish of St Joseph in St Neots were amalgamated into\n one parish in September 2010. This reversed the situation prior to 1969 when Buckden was part of the parish of St Neots. Although the new parish remains in the Diocese of East Anglia, it is under\n the care of the Claretian Missionaries based in Buckden. All the facilities at St Joseph's including the church, parish house and garden remain in active use.\n
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\n\n The site known as Buckden Towers has a rich history spanning over 900 years. For much of that time, as Buckden Palace, it had been home to the Bishops of Lincoln.\n It is listed in the Domesday Survey of 1086 as a manor belonging to the Bishop of Lincoln, valued at just over £16, consisting of a church, a mill, a few cottages and a wood a mile square.
\n\n The current Church of St Hugh takes its name from the great Hugh of Avalon who was Bishop of Lincoln from 1186 to 1200. St Hugh was a holy Bishop and a valiant statesman who was always\n prepared to make a stand even if his views brought him into conflict with King Henry II, his successor Richard I or the primate, Archbishop Hubert.
\n\n Another Hugh (Hugh de Wells) built a new house at Buckden in around 1225. The previous structure had been of timber only. This new house was intended to be a more permanent building and its\n development was continued by Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln from 1235 to 1253, who was responsible for adding a Great Hall. He was another outstanding Churchman of the Middle Ages.\n Although loyal, he did not hesitate to oppose both the King, Henry III, and the Pope, Innocent IV, when his conscience dictated. He also tried, without success, to reconcile Henry and Simon de\n Montfort.
\n\n In 1291 a fire destroyed most of the buildings constructed by Hugh de Wells and Robert Grosseteste so that now only some stone foundations remain.
\n\n Construction of the Tower itself was completed by Bishop Rotherham in 1480 prior to his translation to the archbishopric of York. However, Bishop John Russell (1480 - 1494) was responsible for the\n majority of the extensive rebuilding on the site. The arms of Bishop Russell can be seen on the Inner Gatehouse (1480) and on the south gable front. They comprise azure or, between three roses\n argent. The new chapel was the work of Bishop William Smith (1495 - 1514) who was also one of the founders of Brasenose College, Oxford.\n\n Although the period from 1514 onwards was a busy one for The Towers, by 1595 Bishop Chaderton had decided that he could no longer afford to run the Palace and he bought a smaller estate at Southoe,\n south of Buckden. His successor, however, returned to Buckden despite it having started to fall into disrepair. More prosperous days for Buckden came during the episcopacy of John Williams\n (1625 - 1642). The cloisters were repaired and refurbished and the stables and barns in the outer courtyard were rebuilt. Improvements were also carried out to the grounds.
\n\n However, Williams who lived lavishly and became the holder of the title \"Lord Keeper of the Great Seal\" fell into disfavour with Charles I and Archbishop Laud over his conciliatory attitude towards\n the Puritans. In 1637 he was accused of perjury, of revealing state secrets and of suborning false witness. Fined £10,000 and deprived of his ecclesiastical revenues by the Star Chamber, he\n spent some time in the Tower of London. Although Laud assumed jurisdiction of the See of Lincoln, he could not take away Williams' title of Bishop of Lincoln unless he resigned, which he refused\n to do. A solicitor, Kilvert, was sent by the Star Chamber to administer the Buckden estate. During the three years he lived there, Kilvert despoiled the Palace, sold the organ, books and pictures\n for ridiculously low prices and ruined the park by cutting down trees and killing deer.
\n\n In 1641 Bishop Williams was succeeded by Bishop Winniffe, who had the misfortune to have the Palace at Buckden and other appurtenances of his See taken from him by the Parliament during the Civil\n War. In 1649, the property was sold for £8,174.82 to Alderman Sir Christopher Pecke,\n one time Lord Mayor of London.
\n\n With the restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, the Palace was returned to the See of Lincoln to which Bishop Sanderson was appointed in that year. Although he only lived for three more years,\n Sanderson undertook the restoration the Palace with great speed, care and charge. The Great Hall was not, however, restored to its former glory.
\n\n The Palace continued to be used by the Bishops of Lincoln; Bishop Barlow being known as the \"Bishop of Buckden who never saw Lincoln\". The dean made efforts to induce him to show more interest in the\n Cathedral City, but Barlow remained loyal to Buckden, and when he died there in 1691 he was buried in the Parish Church.
\n\n The Eighteenth Century saw new methods in the techniques of road building; travel became easier and with its location on the Great North Road, the Palace became popular with visitors. Bishop Thomas\n in 1750 received Count Zingandorf, the first Bishop of the Moravian Sect in England.
\n\n An idea of the state of the Palace can be gleaned from the diary of the Hon. John Byng, later Viscount Torrington, who visited Buckden in 1790 and stayed at the George: \"I had often try'd in vain to\n see the inside of the Bishop of Lincoln's Palace at Buckden and now unexpectedly succeeded; its appearance is castellated and within the walls certain strong turrets with apertures. This ancient\n appearance diminishes hourly as much of the moat has been lately filled up and many walls pulled down. The interior is grave, strong and useful; something to venerate; a good dining parlour, a neat\n chapel, tower stair cases and some stained glass in the windows.\"
\n\n In 1838, with the importance of the Palace diminished, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners decided that about half of the main buildings and part of the Gatehouse were to be demolished. The materials\n and furnishings that were considered unnecessary were to be removed and sold, the profits being paid into the funds of the Commissioners at the Bank of England. The materials from the demolished\n buildings were sold in February 1838. The sale of furnishings took place in November 1838. It lasted for three days and was attended by nearly 1,000 people.
\n\n In 1842 the Palace and Park were conveyed to the Vicar of Buckden. Part of the main building was used as an elementary school for girls and infants. In 1870, it appeared that the connection with the\n Church was to be severed since it was in that year that the property was sold to Mr James Marshall. He proceeded to make the place habitable again and, at one stage, it appeared that he was going to\n restore and enlarge the old buildings, architectural plans for this purpose having been drawn up. Eventually, he decided against this plan and even considered burning down the Great Tower.
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\n\n BUCKDEN PALACE
\n\n At the time of the Domesday survey, Buckden belonged to the Bishop of Lincoln, whose great diocese stretched from the Humber to the Thames until the foundation of the See of Ely (1108),\n Peterborough (1541), Oxford (1542), Southwell (1884), and at least from the time of St. Hugh (1199) it was one of the episcopal residences. In 1291 the house and its appendages were totally\n destroyed by fire. Records exist in which it is written that in 1291 a Thomas de Beyville received royal license to \"draw oaks from Our forest of Weybrigge\" — Weybridge, 3 miles north of\n Buckden — \"for rebylding the bishoppes Mannoir of Buckedene, lately burned by mis¬adventure\". The work of Restoration and improvement was subsequently carried out by Bishop John Russell\n (1480-94), Archbishop Rotherham and Bishops John Williams (1625-42), Sanderson (1660), Pretyman (1787-1820) and Kaye. Bishop Kaye was the last bishop to reside here, and on leaving in 1838\n the building was dismantled and a great part pulled down. In 1870 the estate was sold to Mr. James Marshall, a member of the Marshall and Snelgrove business firm of London, who built a large\n house near the old buildings, pulled down the 13th century great chamber and the chapel and did away with the moat bridge. From 1919 onwards, Dr. Robert Holmes Edleston of Gainford, then owner\n of the estate, was the author of much spasmodic excavation and reconstruction mostly with old material. The foundation stone of the partly reconstructed chapel was laid in 1921. In 1956 the\n Claretian Missionaries — a Roman Catholic Missionary Congregation — took possession of the estate and at once began to attend to the badly neglected buildings. By April 1956 the Marshall\n house was ready to receive the community of priests and brothers, and by Septem¬ber 31 students were in residence. The school closed in July 1965 and since then the greatly reduced community\n continues to render service to the Roman Catholics of Buckden, take care of the- property and conduct Retreats for lay people.
\n\n\n THE OUTER GATEWAY and some 400 feet of the 14 feet high western perimeter wall remain in almost original condition, with but minor modifications to the Gatekeeper's Lodge and the substitution\n of 19th century iron gates for the original hewn oak pair.
\n\n THE INNER GATEHOUSE range was built in 1494. This range, of which the original Entrance Arch and south wing remain intact, is of red brick, diapered in parts with black brick ; the leaded\n windows and embattled parapets are dressed with stone. The Arch forms the base of a two-storied rectangular turret which contains a spiral stairway rising to an additional storey in a small\n turret at the north-east angle. A small apartment on the south side of the arch was used as an almonry, the window still existing through which needy travellers received their dole. Above the\n western entrance the arms of Bishop Russell (1480-94) are emblazoned in the brick¬work and also appear similarly on the gable of the South Wing.
\n\n THE GREAT TOWER'S foundations were laid about the year 1479 by Bishop Rotherham (1472-80), but this work ceased upon his death in 1480 and was not recommenced by his successor, Bishop Russell,\n until 1491. The lowest storey resting upon the vaulted arches of the great cellar, formed a large dining hall, the large apartment immediately above it being called the King's Lodging. The Great\n Tower also contained ten other rooms. The restoration of the tower was undertaken by the Claretian Missionaries in 1957 and used as dormitories and play room for the school.
\n\n THE CURTAIN WALL runs from the south-east corner of the South Wing of the Inner Gatehouse to the south-west turret of the Great Tower, with which it is contemporary and is, similarly, of red\n brick with stone facings, having an embattled parapet and a parapet walk. The battlements are each pierced by a vertical slot for defence and similar slots also exist in the lower wall beneath\n the parapet walk.
\n\n THE MOAT was filled in at various times between 1669 and 1871, and traces of it may still be found here and there in the park. The 13th century Fishponds now form one long stretch of water along\n almost all of the eastern boundary, forming the sheet of water spoken of locally as the Canal.
\n\n THE KING'S OAK. Round the buildings and curtilage on the north and east sides is the Little Park of about 9 acres — a well-wooded enclosure containing several trees of great size, the chief\n being a giant oak, considered by experts to be 800-1,000 years old. The girth of its trunk at 5 feet from the ground is 19ft. 9 in., and the spread of its branches in the longest direction is\n 121 feet, and the shortest 103 feet. An unusual feature in trees of this age is its excellent state of preservation. No signs of decay anywhere in its trunk or branches.
\n\n EXCAVATIONS AND RESTORATIONS
\n\n Dr. Robert Holmes Edleston conducted a series of laborious excavations around the years 1919-1929 with the object of discovering the foundations of the ancient buildings, which had been\n entirely covered. He met with a great deal of success, and in some cases, where the nature of the founda¬tions seemed to warrant it, made a few restorations, sufficient to convey some idea,\n partially at least, of the buildings as they were several centuries ago. In these restorations he used wherever possible, old material dug up during the excavations. Much other material,\n including stone and oak beams, came from Stanwick Hall, Yorkshire, and Hornby Castle. All this restoration work was left unfinished and became completely neglected. With the passing of the\n years most of the stones crumbled and became useless.
\n\n THE BISHOP'S CHAPEL. Most of the bricks in the south wall were dug up in the ruins. The other old bricks in the rebuilt chapel are from Stanwick. The Claretian Missionaries completed the\n brickwork and roofed the building shortly after their arrival. The restored chapel is now used as a Sacristy for the modern chapel.
\n\n THE GREAT HALL. The foundation walls indicate a building corresponding very closely in dimensions with the Great Hall described by the Parliamentary Commissioners shortly before it was pulled\n down. This was a building with nave and aisles running north and south at right angles to the Chapel and the Great Chamber, and abutting at its southern end upon what was probably a small centre\n cloister, afterwards covered in, and forming the main portion of the Bishop's residence. Nothing now remains but a part of the foundation wall.
\n\n NORTH WING OF INNER GATEHOUSE. The stone walling and brickwork, doorway and mullioned windows are from Stanwick Hall, Yorkshire, pulled down in 1923, with the following exceptions :\n the four-light window on the ground floor in the east wall is from Trinity Church Schools, Stockton-on-Tees : the two smallest windows on the same side and the three tracery windows above, are\n from Sedbury Hall, Yorks. These are 15th century windows, corresponding with the tracery windows in the old part of the Gatehouse adjoining.
\n\n Napoleon III had no connection with Buckden Palace.
\n\n The work of restoration of the north wing was completed by the Claretian Missionaries.
\n\n ANCIENT COINS. The only ancient coins found during the excavations are a Roman one of Tetricus I, under the Great Tower, two silver pieces of Edward III, on the moat wall, and a French\n jetton of the 15th century. Some Roman tiling was found near the Great Hall and part of a human jaw and some more tiling in the Great Tower.
\n\n THE MODERN CHURCH is dedicated to St. Hugh of Lincoln. Built by Wrycroft Ltd., of St. Neots, and designed by Buries and Newton (London), the church was dedicated by the Rt. Rev.\n Thomas Leo Parker, M.A., Bishop of Northampton, on October 4th, 1959.
\n\n NOTES OF INTEREST
\n\n The body of St. Hugh rested here for one night while being carried from London to Lincoln Cathedral for burial.
\n\n Bishop Robert Grossetete who enlarged the Great Hall and was often in residence, died here in 1253.
\n\n Katherine of Aragon was \"lodged\" here from July 1533 to May 1534. There was a window in her apartment (the Great Chamber) which looked into the Bishop's chapel. At this window she spent many\n hours in prayer and shed many tears. It was at Buckden Palace where two of her chaplains — Abell and Barker — were arrested and committed first to the porter's ward in the Gatehouse and later to\n the Tower of London.
\n\n Henry and Charles Brandon, sons of Henry VIII's favourite, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, at the order of their mother, the Duchess of Suffolk, were brought to Buckden Palace from Cambridge\n to avoid the sweating plague, but died of it in forty-eight hours of arrival. They died July 16th, 1551, and are buried in the old churchyard close by.
\n\n Robert Sanderson became Bishop of Lincoln at the Restoration. He drafted the Preface for the 1662 Prayer Book. His episcopate lasted but three years. He died at Buckden Palace on June 20th,\n 1663, and was buried in the chancel of the parish church.
\n\n Thomas Barlow was Consecrated Bishop of Lincoln in £676. It is said he visited his cathedral city but once and came to live at Buckden Palace until his death in 1691. His tomb is in the\n chancel of the parish church. From his constant residence at Buckden Palace he was usually known as the Bishop of Buckden.
\n\n Richard Neile entertained King James I here, as appears from some notes made by his brother, William Neile, in an almanack now in Durham Cathedral Library.
\n\n \"1614. February 18th. Brother Richard translated to Lincoln.\n October 10th. Brother and his family to Bugden.\n 1616. October 17th. His Majesty dyned at my brother's house at Bugden.\"
\n\n In1630, Bishop Williams was informed against and heavily fined for allowing a play — apparently \"Midsummer Night's Dream\" — to be performed in the Palace, beginning about 10 p.m. on a Sunday\n and lasting till 2 or 3 a.m., while one Mr. Wilson \"because he was especially plotter and contriver of this business and did in such a brutish manner act the same with an Asse's head, therefore\n he shall uppon Tuesday next from 6 in the morning, till 6 at night, sitt at the Porter's Lodge at my Lord Bishopp's house with his feete in the stockes and attyred with his Asse head and a\n bottle of hay .sett before him and this superscription on his breast:
\n\n \"Good people I have played the beast And brought ill things to passe, 1 was a man, but thus have made Myselfe a silly Asse.\"\n
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\n\n Probably the most important Royal visitor to Buckden Palace was Katherine of Aragon. She was sent here by order of Henry VIII after the annulment of their marriage by Archbishop Cranmer.\n She resided in the Palace from July 1533 until 1534, occupying a room from which she had a direct view into the chapel. The ordinary people of England had a deep sympathy with Katherine and\n she was very popular with the villagers of Buckden. This, together with the fact that she was visited here by two Friars Observant who were her devoted supporters, made Henry determined to\n move her to a place where she could be more easily confined. In December 1533 Henry sent the Duke of Suffolk to force the Queen’s attendants to address her as \"Princess Dowager\" instead of\n treating her as Queen, and to remove Katherine herself either to Fotheringhay or Somersham. Suffolk arrived on 18th December, but he met with a blank reception. The Queen’s attendants, both\n English and Spanish, remained perfectly loyal to her and Katherine herself refused to be moved. Fotheringhay she had always disliked, and Somersham was so damp that it would probably cause\n her death. Suffolk lost his temper and shouted at her. Katherine retired to her room and sealed the door against him.
\n \n The men of Buckden now took a hand and showed their sympathy with the Queen. They gathered in the street outside silent but carrying choppers or billhooks and looking so threatening,\n that Suffolk’s courage began to fail him. He found himself, moreover, shunned by the gentry of the district. After several days he succumbed. All he could do was to remove the furnishings\n of the Palace that Katherine had brought with her, and have them packed up, ready to send to London. He arrested some of the Queen’s English attendants. Katherine herself remained behind\n the locked doors, saying that she could only be removed by force. This Suffolk, in view of the menacing crowds outside, dared not do, and he returned to London, defeated by the Queen and the\n men of Buckden. In the following May, Katherine was moved to more comfortable, but more easily protected quarters at Kimbolton where she lived the life of a semi-recluse until her death on 7\n January 1536 [not July as quoted in the original history].
\n \n As you enter the Lady Chapel from the Main Church, the stained glass window depicting scenes from Queen Katherine's life can be found on the right hand side of the Chapel.
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\n\n St Anthony Mary Claret, founder of the Claretian Order. was born in Sallent in Catalonia, Spain, in 1807. The son of a weaver, he took up weaving but then, desiring to become a Jesuit,\n started studying for the priesthood. However, ill health prevented his entering the Order and, having entered the Seminary in Vich, north of Barcelona on 29 September 1829, he was ordained\n as a secular priest on 13 June 1835 (the feast of St Anthony of Padua). Following a few years of pastoral experience, he volunteered to be sent as an Apostolic Missionary wherever the\n preaching of the Gospel was most needed. He preached, taught, organised and counselled throughout Spain, the Canary Islands and beyond and, not satisfied with all of this, he became a\n prolific author, writing some 144 books and pamphlets.
\n \n At a meeting on 16th July 1849 at the Seminary in Vich, he with the help of five other priests founded the congregation of \"The Sons of the Heart of Mary\" (Cordis Mariae Filii – CMF).\n Consecrated Bishop on 6 October 1850, he left for Cuba on a missionary assignment. While in Cuba he preached the word of God in all the Island’s villages, fought racial discrimination,\n established co-operatives and initiated many social projects. On 25 August 1855 he founded the Religious Sisters of Mary Immaculate (Claretian Missionary Sisters) to take care of teaching\n the catechism, education and other missionary activities. He worked for the spiritual and material betterment of all sectors of Cuban society and he was loved by many, but also hated and\n persecuted by some. He experienced 14 assassination attempts; the most serious being on 1 February 1856 when he was almost killed.
\n \n After seven years in Cuba he was called back to Spain by the Queen, Isabel II, to become her confessor and spiritual adviser. While accompanying her on visits to the different regions of\n Spain he worked hard for the good of the Church and people, with special concern for the Priests and Religious men and women. He also established centres for the formation of new evangelisers\n and even gathered intellectuals, artists, translators in what he called the ‘Academy of San Miguel’ where any lay person could co-operate in the task of the evangelisation. Due to the 1868\n Spanish revolution he was forced into exile to France. He took part in the First Vatican Council and was the first defender of Papal infallibility. Sick and persecuted by his enemies,\n he escaped to the Cistercian monastery of Fontfroide, France, where he died on 24 October 1870.
\n \n It is hard to believe that 50 years later there were nearly 1,500 Claretians in 6 countries. It has taken a further 100 years for this number to double to its present figure of nearly 3,000\n in 57 countries.
\n \n Despite its international coverage, the Congregation has not lost sight of its founder’s original watchword: \"USE ALL POSSIBLE MEANS FOR THE SALVATION OF ALL.\"
\n \n Today, Claretian Missionaries preach the word of God by
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- working in home and foreign missions
- preaching popular missions, spiritual exercises, retreats
- building Basic Ecclesiastical Communities
- running parishes
- educating the youth in schools and seminaries
- training lay leaders
- conducting adult education classes
- implementing social and development programs
- training catechists
- writing books and publishing Catholic magazines and pamphlets
- communicating in the modern apostolate through Mass Media
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\n They are pragmatic in outlook and give priority to: \"whatever is most urgent, timely and effective.\" However, wherever possible priority is given to evangelical work in non-Christian areas, in de-Christianised groups, to the poor, to the youth and to families.\n \n \"Father, in this time of constant change in our world, help the Claretians to re-establish your presence and your peace.\" \n
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\n The foundations were laid about the year 1479 by Bishop Rotherham (1472-80), but this work ceased upon his death in 1480 and was not recommenced by his\n successor, Bishop Russell, until 1491. The lowest storey resting upon the vaulted arches of the great cellar, formed a large dining hall, the large apartment immediately\n above it being called the King's Lodging. The Great Tower also contained ten other rooms. The restoration of the tower was undertaken by the Claretian Missionaries in 1957\n and used as dormitories and play room for the junior seminary. The top picture on the right shows the state of the Tower prior to this work commencing.
\n\n The original restoration work did not last for very long and another major refurbishment project was required to replace the roof and bring the rest of thre building up to modern\n required standards. This work was completed in 1996 and the Tower has now four levels connected by two spiral staircases. The upper two levels have been converted into dormitories\n each level containing about twenty beds, rooms for group leaders, showers, wash basins and toilets. The lowest level has been converted into a dining room and fully equipped\n kitchen and the remaining level has been converted into a large meeting room complete with period fireplace. The whole Tower is now centrally heated and has electric light and\n running hot and cold water.
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\n The majority of the Inner Gatehouse was constructed by Bishop John Russell (1480 - 1494), who was also responsible for the majority of the extensive\n rebuilding on the site. His arms can be seen over the entrance arch to the Inner Gatehouse (1480) and on its south gable front.
\n\n After the War, in 1919, The Towers complex was sold to an eccentric historian from Durham, Dr Robert Holmes Edleston. He rebuilt the northern half of the Inner Gatehouse,\n demolished by Marshall, and he was responsible for the inscription \"Napoleon III\" above the right hand doorway which was to have been the entrance to a small museum of the\n Emperor's relics.
\n\n Home to the Claretian Missionaries - the current owners of the complex, the Inner Gatehouse also contains four self-catering apartments, each with its own character and style.\n The Friends Refectory on the ground floor at the southern end of the Gatehouse is occasionally used as tea rooms.
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\nThe Outer Gateway and some 400 feet of the 14 feet high western perimeter wall remain in their original positions, with but minor modifications to the\n Gatekeeper's Lodge and the substitution of 19th century iron gates for the original hewn oak pair.\n\n The Visitor Centre and Bookshop in the Outer Gatehouse was opened in July 1993 to help meet development costs at The Towers. For many years it flourished selling books, cards,\n religious items and a whole range of gifts. On 16 March 2003 the Bookshop closed and for some years it served as office accommodation.\n\n For a while it was run by the Friends as a charity shop but in November 2011 it was rented out as a student centre for the ever-expanding Stageworks organisation.
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\n The Victorian House which was built by Arthur Wellington Marshall in 1872. During the construction of the house the moat in front of the Inner\n Gatehouse was filled in. Arthur Marshall left The Towers in late 1910/early 1911 to reside in Folkestone which was considered a better place for his failing health.\n The house was offered to let in July 1911 in Country Life. Prior to its eventual sale, the House was used as a school and, during the Great War, it was used as a\n convalescent hospital.
\n\n Following the death of Marshall, the house was purchased at auction by Dr. R Holmes Edleston in July 1919. As a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, he was more interested\n in the ancient buildings, but he did keep the house in habitable condition and used it to host influential friends. During the Second World War, The Towers was used to house\n evacuees from Tollington School.
\n\n On the arrival of the Claretians in 1956, the House was the first building to be brought into use. Over the years that it was used as the Junior Seminary, rooms were converted\n to meet its requirements. In more recent years, as with many houses of this age, dry rot and woodworm have proved to be a recurring problem. In 1992 the House received a new\n roof, other essential repairs have been carried out and the house survives.
\n\n The most recent changes to the house occurred around Easter 2004 when the accommodation upstairs was modernised to provide additional bedrooms for visitors using the Claret\n Centre. There are now 15 bedrooms, most of which are twin-bedded but there are also several family rooms and two single rooms.
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\n The field beyond the car park, fenced off from the rest of the estate in 1993, is leased at certain times of the year to a local farmer for grazing his\n sheep and it has also been the site for traction engine and caravan rallies.
\n\n\n Leaving the car park by the footpath starting in the north-west corner and following the 17th century raised footpath round the perimeter of the estate, you will come eventually\n to the 17th century fishpond, originally four separate ponds, which in the early 1990s was dredged and restocked with over 2,000 bream by the National Rivers Authority,\n who also cleared fallen and dangerous trees from the lake and west bank. Following the walk, the house, church and tower will come back into view as do the orchard or the limes\n walk. The recreation of the 16th century orchard was completed by 1993 thanks to the generous donation of trees and hard work by the Buckden Gardeners’ Association. Mulberry,\n medlar, quince, apricot and peach trees, all of which would have existed in the Tudor period, were planted. At roughly the same time, the lime walk comprising an avenue of\n pleached limes was also planted.
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\n The walled garden at Buckden Towers, below the 15th century Great Tower, battlemented walls and inner Gatehouse of the historic old Palace of the Bishops\n of Lincoln, is dedicated to Katherine of Aragon, Queen of England, who was confined here by her husband, Henry VIII in 1533-34.
\n \n Begun in 1992, the garden is a replica of an enclosed Knot Garden typical of a small manor house of the Tudor period. It is intended as a place for peaceful reflection and\n remembrance as well as delight.
\n \n The main features of the garden are four square beds of Knots around a central fountain, which is covered in winter by a mosaic with a pomegranate design, together with two\n smaller Knots in front of the raised stone terrace. There is a tunnel arbour along two sides leading to a raised Mound and Viewing Platform, from which the Knot patterns, the\n buildings of the Tudor Palace and the Parish Church can be viewed to advantage.
\n \n Two of the main Knot beds are planted to contemporary designs of the 16th century. A third, with the words “Ecce Agnus Dei” (“Behold the Lamb of God”) surrounding a topiary\n lamb, replicates the design of the wooden boss in the bar of the Lion Hotel, formerly the Palace Hostel.
\n \n The fourth has been laid to a design from the Villa Medici in Florence.
\n \n The two smaller beds are planted to heraldic designs representing the arms of Bishop John Russell, which appear on the Gatehouse, completed by him in about 1490, and the\n Fleur de Lys, the emblem of the Bishops and City of London.
\n \n In 2012 the woodwork of the Tunnel Arbour was completely renewed, and in 2016 the Viewing Platform on top of the Mound was also rebuilt. Both projects were generously\n funded and executed by the Friends of Buckden Towers.
\n \n The arbour is planted with climbing plants such as hops, vines, honeysuckle, jasmine and clematis. Behind the arbour are beds of old roses such as the York and Lancaster\n roses, Rosa Rubiginosa, and there is a row of Almond trees along the daisy bank. There is a fine bush of the native Sweet Briar Rose, Rosa rubiginosa, known to Shakespeare as\n Eglantine and well-loved for the fragrance of its pink flowers and apple-scented foliage.
\n \n All the plants used in the garden are, as far as possible, contemporary to the period. Plants used in the knots and other beds include Box, Santolina, Sage, Germander, Rue,\n Lavender and Golden Marjoram. Pots of Pomegranate (Queen Katherine’s emblem), adorn two of the beds, and the pots on the stone terrace hold Box and Bay.
\n \n One of the beds on the upper terrace is now devoted to a collection of Dye plants while the other bed contains culinary and medicinal herbs. In 2006 a Judas Tree was planted\n to mark fifty years of Claretian residence at Buckden Towers.
\n \n Queen Katherine’s Garden, designed by William Dawson, has been financed and constructed entirely by donations and contributions from local people and businesses, and continues\n to be maintained by volunteers.
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\n\n\n Located in the picturesque grounds of Buckden Towers, the Church of St Hugh of Lincoln is the parish Church of the local Catholic community. The Church was first blessed in October 1959 and has\n been continually busy with groups from inside and outside of the parish coming to use it. The large stained glass window at the back of the Church was installed at the time of building and\n depicts the life of Mary, Holy Mother of God. The window was originally placed in the Chapel of The Immaculate Heart of Mary, another Claretian parish Church in Hayes, Middlesex. The stained\n glass windows of St Hugh and St Anthony Claret, were commissioned in 1986 to celebrate the anniversary of St Hugh becoming Bishop of Lincoln. The artist was Paul Quail and other examples\n of his work can be seen in the remaining chapels at the Towers.
\n\n The Lady Chapel was built upon the foundations of the original Bishop’s Chapel in 1921 and contains more spectacular windows by Paul Quail. One commemorates Katherine of Aragon’s time at\n Buckden Palace and the others, which are situated behind the altar, illustrate the joyful, sorrowful, and glorious mysteries of the Rosary in a contemporary style. The Claretian Community\n uses this Chapel for morning and evening prayer and for weekday services.
\n\n Many visitors hold the St Claret Chapel in high regard. The Chapel itself is built from bare stone and wood in a simple under croft style. The uncluttered and simple style is designed to reflect\n the humble nature of the founder of the Claretian Missionaries. The far window, created by Paul Quail, adds to and enhances an overwhelming atmosphere of peace and tranquillity. The window,\n entitled The Resurrection, is another example of his more interpretive work and is used as a focus for contemplation and devotion.
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\n {window.scrollTo(0, 0); setSelectedPictureId(id)}} className=\"pictureTile\" style={isActive ? {backgroundColor: 'green'} : {}}>\n 
\n
\n );\n}","import React from 'react'\nimport Picture from '../../../Models/Picture';\nimport { useStore } from '../../../Stores/store';\nimport PictureTile from './PictureTile/PictureTile';\nimport './PictureGallery.scss';\nimport { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';\n\nexport default observer(function PictureGallery() { \n const { managementStore } = useStore();\n const { galleryPictures } = managementStore;\n \n return (\n \n {\n galleryPictures.map((picture : Picture) => {\n return \n })\n }\n
\n );\n\n});"," import React, { useCallback } from 'react'\nimport { useDropzone } from 'react-dropzone'\nimport { useStore } from '../../Stores/store'\nimport { AiOutlineUpload } from 'react-icons/ai' \n\nexport default function PhotoUploadWidget(){\n const { managementStore } = useStore();\n const { uploadPicture } = managementStore;\n \n const dzStyles = {\n border: 'dashed 3px #eee',\n borderColor: '#eee',\n borderRadius: '5px',\n paddingTop: '30px',\n textAlign: 'center' as 'center',\n height: 100,\n width:'80%',\n margin: '0px auto'\n }\n\n const dzActive = {\n borderColour: 'green'\n }\n\n const onDrop = useCallback((acceptedFiles : File[]) => {\n // Do something with the files\n if(acceptedFiles && acceptedFiles.length > 0){\n uploadPicture(acceptedFiles[0]);\n }\n }, []);\n const {getRootProps, getInputProps, isDragActive} = useDropzone({onDrop})\n \n return (\n \n \n
\n )\n \n}","import { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';\nimport React from 'react'\nimport Picture from '../../../Models/Picture';\nimport { useStore } from '../../../Stores/store';\nimport './PosterPreview.scss';\n\n\nexport default observer(function PosterPreview(){\n const { managementStore, posterStore } = useStore();\n const { isPreviewingPoster, previewPoster, closePosterPreview, deletePicture } = managementStore;\n const { setNewCurrentPoster, deactivatePoster } = posterStore;\n \n if(isPreviewingPoster !== undefined && isPreviewingPoster === true && previewPoster !== undefined)\n {\n const poster : Picture | undefined = previewPoster;\n\n return (\n Upload
\n closePosterPreview()}>\n
\n )\n }\n else {\n return (\n \n 
{e.stopPropagation()} }/>\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n )\n }\n \n});","import React, { useCallback } from 'react'\nimport { useDropzone } from 'react-dropzone';\nimport { AiOutlineUpload } from 'react-icons/ai';\nimport { useStore } from '../../../Stores/store';\n\nexport default function DocumentUploadWidget(){\n const { managementStore } = useStore();\n const { setDocumentToUpload } = managementStore;\n \n const dzStyles = {\n border: 'dashed 3px #eee',\n borderColor: '#eee',\n borderRadius: '5px',\n paddingTop: '30px',\n textAlign: 'center' as 'center',\n height: 100,\n width:'80%',\n margin: '0px auto'\n }\n\n const dzActive = {\n borderColour: 'green'\n }\n\n const onDrop = useCallback((acceptedFiles : File[]) => {\n // Do something with the files\n if(acceptedFiles && acceptedFiles.length > 0){\n setDocumentToUpload(acceptedFiles[0].name, acceptedFiles[0]);\n }\n }, []);\n \n const {getRootProps, getInputProps, isDragActive} = useDropzone({onDrop})\n\n return (\n \n \n
\n );\n}","import React from 'react'\nimport { useStore } from '../../../Stores/store';\nimport { Formik } from 'formik';\nimport { DocumentFormValues } from './DocumentFormValues';\nimport DocumentUploadWidget from './DocumentUploadWidget';\nimport { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';\nimport './DocumentForm.scss';\n\nexport default observer(function DocumentForm(){\n const { managementStore, categoryStore } = useStore();\n const { updateDocument, selectedDocument, uploadDocument, documentToBeUploaded, documentToBeUploadedFileName } = managementStore;\n const { categories } = categoryStore;\n\n const formVals : DocumentFormValues = selectedDocument ?? {\n id: 0,\n file: \"\",\n title: \"\",\n categoryId: \"\"\n }\n\n const handleSubmit = (values : any) => {\n if((values.id === undefined || values.id === 0) && documentToBeUploaded !== undefined){\n uploadDocument(documentToBeUploaded, values)\n }\n else {\n updateDocument(values)\n }\n }\n\n return (\n Upload New Document
\n\n handleSubmit(values)}\n enableReinitialize\n >\n {({handleSubmit, handleChange, values}) => (\n \n )} \n \n
\n )\n});","import { Delete, Edit } from '@mui/icons-material';\nimport { Button } from '@mui/material';\nimport { DataGrid, GridColDef } from '@mui/x-data-grid';\nimport React from 'react'\nimport { useStore } from '../../../Stores/store';\nimport { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';\n\n\nexport default observer(function DocumentTable(){\n const { managementStore} = useStore();\n const { documents, setSelectedDocumentId, deleteDocument } = managementStore;\n\n let rows = [...documents];\n\n const columns: GridColDef[] = React.useMemo(() => [\n { field: 'id', headerName: '', hide: true},\n { field: 'url', headerName: '', hide: true},\n { field: 'title', headerName: 'Title', flex: 1, renderCell: (params) => (\n \n {params.row.title}\n \n )},\n {\n field: \"\",\n headerName: \"Actions\",\n disableClickEventBubbling: true,\n renderCell: (params) => {\n const onClickEdit = () => { \n setSelectedDocumentId(params.row.documentId.toString());\n };\n\n const onClickDelete = () => {\n deleteDocument(params.row.documentId.toString(), params.row.title);\n }\n \n return \n \n \n
;\n },\n flex: 1\n }\n ], [documents]);\n\n return (\n \n \n \n
;\n },\n flex: 1\n }\n ], [categories]);\n\n return (\n \n handleSubmit(values)}\n enableReinitialize\n >\n {({handleSubmit, handleChange, values}) => (\n \n )} \n \n
\n )\n});","import { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';\nimport React, { useEffect } from 'react'\nimport { Helmet } from 'react-helmet';\nimport { useStore } from '../../Stores/store'\nimport EventForm from './EventForm/EventForm';\nimport EventTable from './EventForm/EventTable';\nimport NewsTable from './NewsForm/NewsTable';\nimport './Management.scss'\nimport NewsForm from './NewsForm/NewsForm';\nimport ConfirmEventDeleteModal from './EventForm/ConfirmEventDeleteModal';\nimport ConfirmNewsDeleteModal from './NewsForm/ConfirmNewsDeleteModal';\nimport LogInForm from './LogInForm/LogInForm';\nimport RegisterForm from './RegisterForm/RegisterForm';\nimport PictureGallery from './PictureForm/PictureGallery';\nimport PhotoUploadWidget from '../../Core/ImageUpload/PhotoUploadWidget';\nimport PosterPreview from './PosterPreview/PosterPreview';\nimport DocumentForm from './DocumentForm/DocumentForm';\nimport DocumentTable from './DocumentForm/DocumentTable';\nimport CategoryTable from './CategoryForm/CategoryTable';\nimport CategoryForm from './CategoryForm/CategoryForm';\n\nexport default observer(function Management() {\n const { generalStore, managementStore, categoryStore } = useStore();\n const { haveNewsAndEvents, getNewsAndEvents, updateHaveNewsAndEvents, setIsManagement } = generalStore;\n const { isRegistering, setIsRegistering, getPictures, haveGalleryPictures, haveDocuments, getDocuments } = managementStore;\n const { haveCategories, getCategories } = categoryStore;\n \n useEffect(() => {\n if(managementStore.token){\n setIsRegistering(false);\n setIsManagement(true);\n if(!haveNewsAndEvents){\n getNewsAndEvents();\n \n updateHaveNewsAndEvents(true);\n } \n\n if(!haveGalleryPictures){\n getPictures();\n }\n\n if(!haveDocuments) {\n getDocuments();\n }\n\n if(!haveCategories){\n getCategories();\n }\n }\n }, [haveNewsAndEvents]);\n\n if(!managementStore.token) {\n return (\n \n
\n )\n }\n\n return (\n \n {isRegistering === false ?
\n \n \n Management \n \n \n
\n )\n});","import React from 'react'\nimport './ResourceItem.scss';\n\ninterface Props {\n url:string,\n id: number,\n title: string,\n fileName: string\n}\n\nexport default function ResourceItem({url, id, title, fileName}: Props){\n return (\n \n
\n\n \n
\n Event Management
\n\n
\n News Management
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\n\n
\n \n {title}\n
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\n )\n}","import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react'\nimport { Helmet } from 'react-helmet'\nimport { useStore } from '../../Stores/store'\nimport { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';\nimport ResourceItem from './ResourceItem';\nimport SideBar from '../../Components/SideBar/SideBar';\n\nexport default observer(function Resources(){\n const { managementStore, categoryStore } = useStore();\n const { documents, getDocuments, buildCategoryParent, categoryParentList } = managementStore;\n const { categories } = categoryStore;\n\n const [documentLoading, setDocumentLoading] = useState(true);\n\n useEffect(() => {\n const fetchDocs = async () => {\n await getDocuments();\n buildCategoryParent(documents);\n }\n fetchDocs();\n setDocumentLoading(false);\n },[documents, getDocuments, categories]);\n\n return (\n \n
\n { documentLoading ? \n
\n Loading Documents
: \n ( categoryParentList.map(category => {\n const categorySection = \n \n
\n return categorySection;\n })\n )\n }\n {category.name}
\n {category.documents.map((document) => {\n returnThe Friends of Buckden Towers is a non-religious registered charitable trust which exists to raise funds \n in support of the conservation of the Grade 1 Scheduled Historic Monument Buildings of Buckden Towers. \n New members are always welcome. More information can be seen on the
\n
\n Forms
\n \n\n
\n );\n}\n","import React, { useEffect } from 'react';\nimport { useStore } from '../../../Stores/store';\nimport Slider from \"react-slick\";\nimport ReviewItem from './ReviewItem';\nimport { observer } from 'mobx-react-lite';\n\nexport default observer(function ReviewGallery() {\n const { reviewStore } = useStore();\n const { getReviews, reviews, loading, itemsToShow } = reviewStore;\n\n const settings : object = {\n dots: true,\n infinite: true,\n speed: 500,\n slidesToShow: itemsToShow,\n nextArrow: <>,\n prevArrow: <>,\n style: { width: '100%', margin: '0px 0px 15px 0px' },\n };\n\n useEffect(() => {\n if(!loading) {\n getReviews();\n }\n }, [getReviews]);\n\n if(loading) {\n return \n } else {\n return (\n \"{title}\"
\n{description}
\nBuckden Towers is a Grade 1 Scheduled National Monument and has a rich and fascinating history spanning over 900 years.\n Many notable people have visited Buckden Towers during the days of its greatness. Probably the most important Royal visitor was Katherine of Aragon.\n
\n\nGuided tours of the estate are arranged, by prior appointment, through the Friends of Buckden Towers. Contacts are:
\nContact us
\n \n \n\n Tours last approximately 1 hour, cost £5.00 per person, and refreshments can be arranged for groups of 5 or more at extra cost. Small and larger groups can be catered for subject to reasonable notice.\n
\n\n\n Our guides are all volunteers who give freely of their time and knowledge. People find the tours of great interest, and some recent feedback is shown below.\n
\n\n\n To book a tour contact by phone or email. Details above.\n\n Please give at least 5 days notice and please state the numbers of guests involved\n
\n\n Tours operate from the 1st March to the 31st October.\n
\n\nFeedback
\n\n \n \n
\n \n closePoster(currentPoster?.id)}>\n
\n )\n }\n else {\n return (\n \n \n 
\n
\n \n
\n )\n }\n \n});","import React from \"react\";\nimport ReactDOM from \"react-dom\";\nimport \"./index.scss\";\nimport \"./styles/mainText.scss\";\nimport App from \"./Core/App\";\nimport reportWebVitals from \"./reportWebVitals\";\nimport { store, StoreContext } from \"./Stores/store\";\nimport { BrowserRouter } from \"react-router-dom\";\nimport Poster from \"./Pages/Poster/Poster\";\n\nReactDOM.render(\n